By: Tracy Sherlock

When Tia Schaefer turned 19, she faced a 鈥渟urvive or die鈥� situation.

She had been in government care for four years, starting when she was 15. She spent a year in a foster home and three years on a youth agreement 鈥� a form of independent living with financial support from the government. At age 19, government support ended and she had to look after herself.

She managed to eke out a living in part-time and full-time jobs, but never had quite enough money. At times she had to couch-surf to get by.

University, which is expensive, wasn鈥檛 even on her radar.

And then she learned that in B.C. tuition is covered for kids who grew up in care.

Then she learned that in British Columbia, tuition is covered for kids who grew up in care.

Schaefer is now 25 and in her third year of studies towards a bachelor鈥檚 degree in child and youth care at Nanaimo鈥檚 Vancouver Island University.

She says she wouldn鈥檛 be where she is without that tuition waiver 鈥� and she鈥檚 certainly not alone.

NDP initiative replaced a patchwork of programs

VIU is at the forefront of a provincial program that covers the cost of tuition for students aged 19 to 26 who spent at least two years in government care.

The initiative was launched by the NDP government in September 2017, when they took a patchwork of programs designed to help these young adults and made them universal, waiving tuition at B.C.鈥檚 25 public post-secondary schools. In July 2018, the program expanded to foundation and apprenticeship training at 10 union-based training providers.

Today, more than young people who grew up in care are studying for free.

It鈥檚 a significant feat for a child raised in government care to make it to post-secondary school: just

of them have a high school diploma by the time they turn 19, compared with 84.6 per cent of the general population. Another one-quarter leave school with an adult graduation diploma or a completion certificate, but those don鈥檛 always qualify a student for university.

There are questions, however, about whether the program goes far enough.

Tuition, for example, accounts for just one-third of post-secondary costs. More significantly, so many potential students don鈥檛 fit the government criteria that both VIU and the University of British Columbia offer waivers for students who are older than 26 or who weren鈥檛 in care long enough to qualify.

Approximately 7,500 children are in care at any given time, with 750 to 1,000 aging out each year.

Vancouver Island University leads the way

Former foster children have been attending VIU tuition-free since 2013, when VIU president Ralph Nilson launched the experiment at the urging of Mary Ellen Turpel-Lafond, who was then B.C.鈥檚 Representative for Children and Youth.

That first September, 19 former foster kids headed to VIU: their average age was 29, they were all women, and half of them had children of their own.

Since then, VIU has funded at least 200 students. Today, nearly 100 of their 9,000 full-time students are on tuition-waivers, the highest number in the province followed by Camosun College in Victoria, the University of the Fraser Valley and Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops.

About 85 per cent of those students are women, half of them with children. About three-quarters are 19 to 26, but 25 of them are older, including 17 over the age of 30.

鈥淎ny student who comes, they are just taken care of,鈥� Nilson said. 鈥淲e don鈥檛 distinguish between them.鈥�

The only stipulation is that students must have been in care for at least one year.

鈥淭hese are good, solid, resilient people, who are going to make a good contribution,鈥� Nilson said.

At the University of British Columbia鈥欌�檚 Vancouver campus, 32 students are on tuition waivers, 15 of whom do not qualify for the provincial waiver but are funded by UBC anyway. In February, UBC removed a restriction related to the amount of time between aging out and attending university.

鈥淪o, we could see a different type of population come to the institution now, because previously we had a restriction where you had five years after leaving care to enroll at UBC,鈥� said Darran Fernandez, associate registrar and director of enrolment services at UBC.

In 2015-16, before the provincial program was introduced, UBC waived $93,358 in tuition fees. Today, even with the program in place, the school waives $77,595 in fees.

Both UBC and VIU said any money saved due to the provincial program is redirected to the financial aid budget, toward support for the tuition-waiver students or for other forms of access.

Both VIU and UBC 鈥� where 45 former youth in care now study across all campuses 鈥� have dedicated advisors or counsellors for these students and offer other types of support. They realized early on that simply providing free tuition wouldn鈥檛 be enough to set these students on a path to success. Students needed help in other areas, such as childcare, housing and groceries.

Government support programs have both time limits and age limits, which means many former foster children are not eligible.

鈥淭hey cover very, very few of the students and they were so limiting,鈥� Nilson said. 鈥淭hese kids have nobody to call.鈥�

鈥業t needs to be so much more than a waiver鈥�

Tuition amounts to just one-third of a student鈥檚 post-secondary expenses, said William Litchfield, VIU鈥檚 associate vice-president, university relations.

鈥淛ust because you have tuition waived, it doesn鈥檛 mean you can afford to go to school. You still have to pay rent and eat and pay electricity and other things.鈥�

Dedicated advisors work with tuition-waiver students, making sure they know about all of the available support.

The province, for example, offers a program called for people who have aged out of care. It provides $1,250 a month for up to 48 months while they go to school or receive training. Of the who aged out of care between April 2016 and March 2017, 240 鈥� or 27 per cent 鈥� were supported by AYA within a year. The province spends about $8 million a year on AYA and other funding for these students.

At VIU, one donor pays for all textbooks, while donations from others provide a bit of extra cash for the students in the form of a cheque each semester. Both VIU and UBC also have emergency funding that can be used as needed.

鈥淚 do want to stress that it needs to be so much more than a waiver,鈥� said Fernandez. 鈥淲e really want to make sure that we鈥檙e not just giving someone money and then just walking away, because that鈥檚 not going to lead to very much success for anyone.鈥�

UBC can help with text books, bedding, kitchen supplies and other basics, Fernandez said.

At VIU recently, a student was struggling at home in an unsafe environment.

Within an hour of learning about the situation, VIU had the student moved into a residence, with a fridge full of groceries and brand new linens on their bed, Litchfield said.

Helping children who鈥檝e grown up in care seems to resonate with donors. VIU has raised more than $1 million to pay for these students鈥� expenses 鈥� above and beyond the tuition waivers 鈥� over the past five years, Litchfield said.

Student navigator supports peers at VIU

One of the things VIU did to support students with lived experience in government care is to create the roll of 鈥渘avigator鈥� 鈥� a student who is paid to help students who have lived in government care.

鈥淭he navigator is a person who is almost like a peer, who can do some of that significant other work and provide comfort and check in regularly with the students, helping them with their voice,鈥� Nilson said.

Tia Schaefer is now the peer navigator at VIU.

鈥淭ia helps support students, typically in the first year or two, to find those additional supports around campus,鈥� Litchfield said. 鈥淢aybe that鈥檚 taking them to the writing centre, or having an event to bring the community together to help them develop social networks.鈥�

Schaefer hosts workshops two or three times a month, based on what students want: sometimes it鈥檚 advice with finances or cooking or sewing, sometimes it鈥檚 a social activity. For Christmas, Schaefer organizes a holiday gift hamper for any of the former foster children who request one.

鈥淪ometimes they struggle because it鈥檚 a little bit of culture shock,鈥� Schaefer said. 鈥淪ome people never expected to be here. I know I never did. Sometimes that鈥檚 hard.鈥�

The adjustment can be difficult both academically and emotionally.

Verukah Poirier 鈥� a third-year Indigenous Studies major at UBC whose long-term goals include law school 鈥� spent most of her childhood in care, either with extended family or foster parents.

Poirier, 21, doesn鈥檛 know of anyone else in her family who has a university degree, although some of her relatives have a college education or trades training.

鈥淪chool is very stressful,鈥� she said. 鈥淪ometimes you just feel overwhelmed and that nobody understands where you鈥檙e coming from.鈥�

UBC, which has extremely high admissions standards, has a different admissions policy for former youth in care, who are evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

鈥淭his recognizes that they鈥檝e probably faced different life experiences. It鈥檚 quite similar to what we have for our Aboriginal applicants,鈥� Fernandez said.

鈥淲hat we鈥檝e seen from our students, they鈥檙e doing quite well. I think that much of that is coming from their own drive to be here 鈥� that they鈥檙e making a conscious decision to pursue this 鈥� as well as the supports that exist.鈥�

One of the benefits for UBC in expanding on the province鈥檚 tuition waivers is that many students who have been in foster care are also members of other under-represented groups: first-generation learners, Indigenous learners or those from rural communities.

Fernandez sees potential in these students.

鈥淲hat we do know from statistics is that people who hold tertiary forms of education 鈥� diplomas, certificates, degrees 鈥� is that their earning potential is much higher and their opportunity to access other resources is much higher.鈥�

The future of the program

When he talks about the tuition-waiver program, Litchfield is extremely confident about one thing: students like Schaefer and Poirier will be successful throughout the province.

鈥淎 lot of the students I鈥檝e talked to didn鈥檛 do great in high school and they didn鈥檛 really see their way forward,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hen all of a sudden, they鈥檙e on the dean鈥檚 list every year and they鈥檙e some of the most motivated, passionate, resilient students in all of their classes.鈥�

Schools like VIU, he said, also benefit from having them there.

鈥淲e get a bunch of great students and we also meet our mandate as an access university,鈥� Nilson said.

But the program isn鈥檛 perfect. If universities stick to the provincial age cap of 26, they miss out on great students.

鈥淭hese students are unbelievable. They鈥檙e so strong, they鈥檙e so motivated. Our province is missing out,鈥� Litchfield said. 鈥淭o tell someone who is 27, I鈥檓 sorry you鈥檝e missed the boat, your time is done. No. We鈥檝e had someone in their 50s.鈥�

Tuition waivers also don鈥檛 cover graduate studies, and VIU has had requests as more students approach graduation.

Schaefer said she would love to do a graduate degree in education or counselling, if she could afford it.

鈥淲e鈥檙e working on it,鈥� Litchfield said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 trying to find how.鈥�

Premier John Horgan hasn鈥檛 ruled out expanding the program at some point.

鈥淚f there is an opportunity and the resources are available and the demand is there, we鈥檒l certainly look at expanding the program,鈥� he said. 鈥淲e need to create a skilled environment and that means opening doors to training and that鈥檚 exactly what this program does for those under 26. If we need to expand it, we will.鈥�

Melanie Mark, B.C.鈥檚 minister of advanced education, is a former youth in care herself. After she aged out she went to Vancouver Island University when it was Malaspina College, ultimately earning a bachelor of arts in political science from Simon Fraser University. She also spent eight years working for the Representative for Children and Youth.

Mark said it was 鈥渓ike living a dream鈥� to be able to announce the universal program and that the province will continue to build on it.

It鈥檚 too soon to know if the program needs to be expanded, she said.

鈥淲hat does success look like? We don鈥檛 know 鈥� we are blazing trails here,鈥� she said.

While the vast majority of students are in the faculties of arts and science, students are also graduating with degrees in business, nursing, social work and other fields.

These students are the voices that will change the future, Nilson said.

鈥淚 want to help them understand that our hand is on their back,鈥� he said. 鈥淲here you go, we鈥檙e going to support you. Don鈥檛 ever feel like if you fall down, you鈥檙e going to disappear. We鈥檙e going to lift you up and we鈥檙e going to hold you up. 鈥� Allowing them to recognize that they are powerful as individuals and as a collective is one of the most important parts of our work here.鈥�

This story was produced as part of Spotlight: Child Welfare 鈥� a collaborative journalism project that aims to deepen reporting on B.C.鈥檚 child-welfare system. It was originally published in the National Observer. .